Flow Control

If, elif & else statements

If statements are structured using just indents (usually 4 spaces) so define the code flow. if, elif and else blocks cannot be left empty, you can use the pass statement to add content to a block that doesn't run any code, this can be useful in development when the contents of a block aren't known yet, to avoid errors.

An if statement:

An if, elif (else if) statement:

An if, else statement:

An if, elif, else statement:

Nested if statements (defined by nested indentation):

Ternary operators

Ternary operators are a way of writing if else code in a short hand way on a single line. They only handle if and else, not elif, however you can stack multiple in a row.

Ternary if statement:

Ternary if else statement:

Stacked ternary if else statements:

Match statement

This is similar to switch / case statements in other languages.

Case statements are processed from top to bottom. Multiple values can be specified for a case by using the | between them. A catch all of _ can be added to the bottom of the list as this always matches (as it always matches, make sure it is the last case check in the list):

Another example of multiple value cases:

Case checks can also have added if conditions combined: